ONEONONE - India and China should work together

BY UTPAL B HASKAR



A s e t the energy policy advisr to 28 member counries,Nobuo Tanaka is a man short on time. International Energy Agency, or IEA, apart from being the world's premier energy monitor, also plays an important role in climate change policies, market reform and en- ergy technology collaboration.

Tanaka was recently in New Del- hi to participate in the 6th Asia Gas Partnership Summit where he spoke to Mint on issues as varied as Indian government's attempts to address the issue of subsidy burden, crude oil prices, US interventions in energy-rich countries and the growing com- petition between India and Chi- na for energy resources. Edited excerpts: India has been talking about re forms in the energy sector for some time now. The intent is to bring down the subsidy burden as they are unsustainable over a long term. What are your views?

Yes, that's right. When the price of oil is high at certain ref- erence price, it increases the fis- cal burden for the government.

So in the long term, due to cost of exploration and development, the cost of oil will get higher... So subsidies will be very difficult to sustain. We have been asked by the G-20 (Group of Twenty) countries to make some analysis of subsidies. We are going to re- port to the G-20 finance minis- ters meeting which is next month on 23 April in Washing- ton, DC.

We did a similar study in 2007.

The total amount then was $320 billion (around Rs14.5 trillion today) globally.
Since in 2008 the oil prices were very high, the subsidies should have been much higher, that's what we guess.

So for India, we are strongly advising to phase out price con- trol and subsidy as it is very im- portant to make price signal from the market directly to the consumer. That is the way to conserve energy or move to an energy-efficient society or econ- omy. We understand that the In- dian government is serious about phasing out subsidies and trying their best. It is also politi- cally very difficult, we under- stand that. In many countries, it is mandatory for the govern- ments to help and to support the poor population. Our advice is--yes, it is necessary to support the poor but don't undermine the energy sector, because sub- sidy is wasteful use of energy sources and also adds to the problem of low investment in in- frastructure. It (subsidy) prohib- its infrastructure investment. So this is not good. In the longer term, I think this (Indian) gov- ernment is committed to phas- ing out subsidy but in practical terms it will certainly take some time.

So when this report is ready, would G20 as a group ask India to take care of the subsidy burden?

G-20 is asking the Indian gov- ernment to make sure that the phasing out of subsidy happens.
We do not have the power to re- ally enforce this phase out. I think that this government clearly understands the necessi- ty and is moving in the direction towards it. Our study tries to help the governments to move in the right direction. There is still a considerable per centage of population in India which does not have access to en ergy. How do you see India's ener gy demands growing?

That is the point. In China and India, the per capita energy con- sumption is very low compared to the global average and much more growth is necessary to reach there. On the other hand, if India or China go through the same way as the former develop- ed countries, I mean the OECD (Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development) countries, then the fossil fuel consumption will go so high that the price of oil and price of gas will climb rapidly. World CO2 emissions will increase so much that it will not be sustainable. So the only solution for this eco- nomic growth and the CO2 emission is more energy-effi- cient society, more greener sys- tems of living, using electric ve- hicles and more efficient hous- ing. So this kind of revolutionary change in lower carbon technol- ogy is necessary. We are working with the Indian government on what kind of technology does In- dia need to make this revolu- tionary change.

Is $100 per barrel of crude the re alistic price?

We are not commenting on the level of price. It is always moving. About four-five years ago, $30 per barrel price was seen as a very high price. Now $100 may be a high price but we have seen crude oil prices reach- ing $147 per barrel, so what is the high price, we can't tell. In the mid to long term, we know that the cost of investment in ex- ploration, development and production will increase. We will have much more deeper offshore oil fields or oil sands so the cost will increase. Because of the supply-demand situation, the market is tighter, and if the economic recovery is robust as it should be, the prices will get higher.

Given the way that the crude de mand has picked up, is the world out of the recession?

That is a good question. I think India, China and Middle East are out of recession, but not necessarily the OECD countries because OECD countries de- mand is projected to be negative in 2010. The OECD demand will shrink in 2010. On the other hand, macro economists say that OECD countries are on the track of economic recovery. So we call it oil less recovery. In other emerging economies, we see economic recovery happen- ing and the demand for oil is coming back.

When do you see a recovery in OECD demand?

That is a difficult question be- cause the current price levels and current financial troubles in Europe may have a very negative impact.

Is there a way around for energy firms across the globe which want to invest in Iran, Sudan and other countries where the US has im posed sanctions?

This is a very difficult judge- ment an investor should make because they risk their business chance in the United States if they don't abide by the sanc- tions. On the other hand, we want stabilization of the place and as much investment to hap- pen, for decline of the current production level from the exist- ing oil fields is a serious con- cern. We need a huge invest- ment just to offset this decline. Isn't the US policing these re sources now? For example, Indian firms have done well in Sudan. It seems that when the US compa nies can't get through they impose sanctions, which will also make sure that no one goes there and those resources are well covered for the US?

(Laughs). Well, if Indian com- panies take some risk and go there and explore and develop, certainly it helps the global mar- ket in the demand and supply situation.

So as an organization would you be interested in promoting invest ments in countries such as Iran or Sudan?

We are not promoting that.
Certainly in terms of the global markets, difficult places, not only these geopolitically difficult places, but also in places like the Arctic, very deep offshore, no- body dares to take the risk. If that's the case, then we have a serious problem. Taking risk is part of the business. The ways of taking risks are different, de- pending on the way of a country or the way of a corporation.

Given the fact that the demand will come from China and India with the demand slowing down in the West, the two countries are in a quest for securing energy re sources overseas. In the process, it inflates the acquisition cost of an asset. What is the way forward?

Yes, to some extent it depends upon how companies from India and China do business. It is ob- vious that due to high prices you suffer... If you suffer, you change the way of making a deal, con- sulting more closely with other consuming countries, compa- nies and make a consortium.
This is the process.

So the way forward is to collabo rate?

Exactly, for example, we al- ways ask the European countries to speak in one voice to the sup- plier. By doing so you have a huge advantage in negotiations.

source; Livemint

India, China play down border dispute

BY Ananth Krishnan


Indian and Chinese officials on Tuesday struck a positive note on Sino-Indian ties, saying the long-running border dispute had become increasingly less relevant to bilateral relations, in spite of renewed tensions seen in recent months.

Speaking in Washington, Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao said ties between the two countries had “improved significantly” in the last two decades to a “multi-dimensional relationship,” which was “not just focused on the boundary question.”

Her comments were favourably received in Beijing, where officials said continued engagement between the two countries on various fronts would help create the conditions for resolving the border issue, over which talks have made little progress so far.

The two countries had made “significant progress” in enhancing relations in various other fields and taking ties beyond the border issue, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Qin Gang said.

“China is ready to work with the Indian side to enhance the friendship and to be good partners,” he said in reply to a question on Ms. Rao's comments. He said differences over the border were “inevitable,” but what was important was that leaders of the two countries had reached consensus to “properly handle” the dispute, pending a final resolution.

“With the development of relations between China and India, China believes the border issue will gradually be resolved,” Mr. Qin said.

Tuesday's statements mark a striking departure from the barbs the two governments routinely traded over the boundary dispute for much of last year.

In a speech in London in February, Ms. Rao described the relationship between the two countries as a “dynamic equilibrium” of both “competition and collaboration,” although only one aspect of that equation was most evident last year. As recently as October, China accused India of “stirring up trouble” along the border areas, when Prime Minister Manmohan Singh visited Arunachal Pradesh during Assembly elections in the State, parts of which China claims. Beijing then accused New Delhi of “disregarding its grave concerns,” while China's State-run media launched a coordinated onslaught accusing India of “recklessness and arrogance.”

Officials in Beijing point to the October 24 meeting between Dr. Singh and his counterpart, Wen Jiabao, in Hua Hin, Thailand, as playing a vital role in calming the tensions. The two sides agreed then to refrain from publicly voicing any differences, and instead use official mechanisms to discuss issues.

One senior Chinese official told The Hindu that following the meeting, officials at the Foreign Ministry here held regular meetings with State-run media outlets, including the nationalistic Communist Party-run People's Daily and its English-version Global Times newspaper, instructing them to cool down their anti-India rhetoric. State media here have also struck a noticeably warmer tone towards India following co-operation between the two countries at the climate summit in Copenhagen last year, which was framed as a battle between the developing world and the West.

Significant improvement in Indo-China relationship: Rao

Washington, March 16, 2010 PTI

The relationship between India and China has improved significantly in the last two decades and the two neighbours are discussing to resolve their outstanding border dispute, Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao said on Tuesday.

“The relationship between India and China has improved significantly in the last two decades particularly. We have a broad spectrum, multidimensional relationship that covers many areas; which is not just focused on the boundary question,” she said.

Resolution of the boundary dispute between the two countries, she said, has not hindered the advancement of dialogue, trade and business relations.

“The rise of China and the rise of India has become an object of world attention. I think, in both the countries, we see a competitive edge but we also see a greater degree of collaboration between the two counties,” Ms. Rao said.

“There is peace on our borders with China,” the Foreign Secretary said.